Philippe IV, surnommé le Bel (1268-1314), a régné sur la France de 1285 à 1314, laissant une empreinte durable par son ambition de consolider un État puissant et autonome. Roi pieux mais non soumis à l’autorité pontificale, il illustre l’idée que « le roi de France est empereur en son royaume ». Pendant son règne, il s’emploie à affranchir la monarchie de la domination papale, notamment en défiant Boniface VIII, affirmant ainsi un pouvoir royal indépendant. Par des réformes audacieuses, il renforce la centralisation des institutions, structurant durablement la justice et l’armée pour asseoir l’autorité royale.
La confrontation avec les Templiers représente un moment décisif dans son règne. En 1307, Philippe engage une action radicale contre cet ordre puissant, dont les ressources financières et l’influence politique rivalisaient avec celles de la couronne. Accusés d’hérésie, les Templiers sont arrêtés en masse et soumis à des procès marqués par la violence. La liquidation de cet ordre est une démonstration de la capacité du roi à utiliser l’appareil d’État pour éliminer des adversaires perçus comme des obstacles à son projet souverainiste.
La mort tragique de Jacques de Molay, dernier maître des Templiers, aurait scellé une malédiction contre Philippe et sa descendance. Pourtant, l’œuvre du roi dépasse ce mythe : il a posé les bases d’un État centralisé, conçu comme un outil au service de la nation et du christianisme. Cette vision d’une souveraineté forte continue d’alimenter les réflexions sur les rapports entre pouvoir politique et valeurs spirituelles, inscrivant Philippe le Bel dans l’histoire comme l’un des grands architectes de l’identité française.
Aram Mardirossian dévoilera l’histoire de Philippe Le Bel en direct avec Nicolas Stoquer sur Géopolitique Profonde. Ne manquez pas ce rendez-vous pour plonger dans les racines de notre souveraineté nationale.
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